意大利近代民法主流学派的演变及其启示:从文本学派到体系学派

Evolution of the Mainstream School of Civil Law in Modern Italy and Its Enlightenment:From Text School to System School

在拿破仑侵占意大利期间,法国的文本学派通过作品译介的方式传播到了意大利。但当时的意大利并没有一部真正意义上的统一民法典,该学派的传播也因此受到了一定的限制。1865年,意大利颁布了《意大利王国民法典》,此后,意大利的学者开始借鉴文本学派的方法,采用评注方式来阐释法典中的规定。但由于文本学派所推崇的方法只关注立法者的原意,而忽视了法律解释的体系性,这导致该学派的弊端不断凸显。鉴此,在19世纪80年代之后,意大利的民法学家开始引入潘德克顿学派的体系方法。在夏洛亚、本萨、詹图尔科、费拉拉、贝蒂等法学家的努力下,意大利的民法学最终实现了体系化与科学化。对这两大学派变迁史进行反思,有助于理解我们当下的学术思潮。

During the period when Napoleon invaded and occupied Italy,the French textual school spread to Italy through the translation of works.However,there was no unified civil code in Italy at that time,and the spread of this school was therefore restricted to a certain extent.In 1865,Italy promulgated the Civil Code of the King of Italy.Since then,Italian scholars had begun to learn from the textual school and use commentaries to explain the provisions of the code.However,because the method canonized by textual school only paid attention to the original intent of the legislator but ignored the systematic nature of legal interpretation,this had led to the continuous emergence of the disadvantages of this school.In view of this,after the 1880s,Italian civil law scholars began to introduce the systematic methods of the Pendecton School.With the efforts of jurists such as Scialoja,Bensa,Scialoja,Gianturco,Ferara,Italian civil law had finally been systematized and scientific.Reflecting on the history of the changes of these two schools is helpful tounderstand our current academic trends.