淮北绿金湖湿地水鸟多样性研究

Diversity of Aquatic Birds in Lüjin Lake Wetlands of Huaibei

鸟类可以作为评价某一地区或生境的指示生物.为了研究淮北市人工内湖——绿金湖的水鸟资源及其生境发展偏向性,于2019年1-12月采用样线法的调查方法,调查了绿金湖及其周边环境的水鸟资源.结果显示:共记录水鸟8目13科33种,共2013只,其中国家Ⅱ级保护动物3种(白琵鹭Platalea leucorodia,小天鹅Cygnet,鸳鸯Aix galericulata),国家“三有”鸟类11种,安徽省重点保护鸟类4种.季节型中,有留鸟9种(27.3%),夏候鸟6种(18.2%),冬候鸟14种(42.4%),旅鸟4种(12.1%).按地域划分,古北界8种(24.2%),东洋界9种(27.3%),广布种16种(48.5%).鸟类优势种4种(鸬鹚Phalacrocorax,夜鹭Nycticorax nycticorax,黑水鸡Gallinula chloropus,白骨顶Fulica atra)数量上略呈劣势,表现在湖面水域中物种丰富度及数目最高,农田区域中优势度指数和多样性指数均为最低.鸟类大多在人为影响较小的大面积水域上活动.表明人类活动严重干扰了鸟类对栖息地的选择.因此,需要进一步加强鸟类生境的保护力度.

Birds can be the biological indicators of a specific region or habitat.To study the resources and habitat development preferences of aquatic birds in Lüjin Lake--an artificial enclosed lake in Huaibei,we adopted a line transect method and surveyed the aquatic bird resources in Lüjin Lake and its surroundings between January and December 2019.Totally 2013 aquatic birds from 33 species,13 families and 8 orders were recorded.There were 3 species of class II protected animals of China(Platalea leucorodia,Cygnet,Aix galericulata),11 species of“benefits,ecological values and research values”of China,and 4 key protected birds of Anhui.At the seasonal perspective,there were 9 species(27.3%)of resident birds,6 species(18.2%)of summer migrant birds,14 species(42.4%)of winter migrant birds,and 4 species(12.1%)of passing birds.At the regional level,there were 8(24.2%),9(27.3%)and 16(48.5%)species from the Palaearctic realm,Oriental realm and dispersed species respectively.Four dominant species(Phalacrocorax,Nycticorax nycticorax,Gallinula chloropus,Fulica atra)were found according to the largest species abun⁃dance and numbers on lake surfaces and the largest dominance index and diversity index in farmlands.The aquatic birds mostly live in large-area water areas less affected by humans.Our findings imply that human activities have interfered with the habitat selection of the aquatic birds.Hence,the protection of bird habi⁃tats should be further strengthened.