长白山岳桦林与暗针叶林交错区植被群落结构特征分析

Vegetation Community Characteristics of Betula ermanii and Dark Coniferous Forest Ecotone in Changbai Mountain

采用传统样方调查法调查长白山北坡、西坡海拔1700 m附近岳桦林与暗针叶林交错区植被群落,对比分析各坡向相同海拔过渡带植被群落结构特征.结果显示:长白山西坡共调查到28种植物,乔、灌、草各层重要值最大的物种分别是岳桦(Betula ermanii)、蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera caerulea var.enulis)和小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia);北坡共调查到49种植物,乔、灌、草各层重要值最大的物种分别是鱼鳞云杉(Picea jezoensis var.microsperma)、刺腺茶藨子(Ribes horridum)和二叶舞鹤草(Maianthemum bifolium).长白山北坡各层物种多样性指数均高于西坡,特别是草本层的多样性指数显著高于西坡.长白山西坡乔木径级结构分布无明显规律,但近年来更新良好;北坡乔木径级结构总体呈现明显的倒“J”形分布.

Betula ermanii and dark coniferous forest ecotone on the northern and western slope with 1700 meters of Changbai Mountain was investigated by using traditional community method,the vegetation community characteristics with the same altitude were compared.Results showed that 28 plant species were recorded on the western slope and 49 plant species were recorded on the northern slope.In the arbor layer,the species with the highest important value were Betula ermani,Lonicera caerulea var.enulis,Calamagrostis angustifolia on the western slope,while the species with the highest important value were Picea jezoensis var.microsperma,Ribes horridum,Maianthemum bifolium on the northern slope.Theα-diversity indices of all layers on the northern slope were higher than those on the western slope.Especially in the herbaceous layer,theα-diversity indices on the northern slope were significantly higher than those on the western slope.The diameter structure at community level was not obvious on the western slope,but trees were well renewed in recent years.Forests on the northern slope showed an inverted“J”type in tree size distributions at community level.