磨损水润滑橡胶轴承承载特性研究

Load-bearing characteristics of wear water lubricated rubber bearings

水润滑橡胶轴承以其无污染、吸振和对冲击不敏感等特点被广泛运用在水泵、发电厂、船舶、潜艇的动力推进轴系中。然而,由于其长期工作在恶劣的江河和海洋等环境中,润滑介质的杂质导致水润滑橡胶轴承极易出现磨损故障,影响其承载特性。为分析磨损后水润滑橡胶轴承的承载特性,通过全圆周橡胶轴承的雷诺方程和橡胶内衬的变形方程,建立了六沟槽正常橡胶轴承和三种磨损类型(均匀磨损、锥形磨损和局部磨损)轴承的润滑模型,采用有限差分法和超松弛迭代法对润滑模型进行数值求解。基于数值模型对正常和磨损轴承的承载特性进行了对比分析。结果表明,沟槽对橡胶轴承的承载特性影响较大,六沟槽橡胶轴承的三种磨损中,均匀磨损对润滑承载特性影响最大,锥形磨损次之,局部磨损最小。该研究结果对水润滑橡胶轴承的承载特性设计及轴承磨损的监测指标构建具有参考价值。

Water-lubricated rubber bearings are widely used in power propulsion shafts of pumps,power plants,ships,and submarines because of their non-pollution,vibration absorption,and insensitivity to impact.However,due to their long-term work in harsh river and ocean environment,impurities in lubricating media lead to wear failure of water-lubricated rubber bearings,which affects their load-bearing characteristics.In order to analyze the load-bearing characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings after wear,a lubrication models of six-groove normal rubber bearings and three wear-type bearings were established by means of the Reynolds equation and deformation equation of rubber lining.The lubrication models were solved numerically by a finite difference method and an over-relaxation iteration method.Based on the numerical model,the load-bearing characteristics of normal and wear bearings were compared and analyzed.The results show that grooves have a great influence on the load-bearing characteristics of rubber bearings.Among the three kinds of wear rubber bearings,uniform wear has the greatest influence on the lubrication load-bearing characteristics,followed by conical wear and local wear.The results have reference value for the design of load-bearing characteristics and the construction of wear monitoring indexes of water-lubricated rubber bearings.