骶神经刺激的研究进展

Progress in research of sacral nerve stimulation

骶神经刺激(sacral nerve stimulation,SNS)是一种微创治疗方法,最初主要用于治疗急迫性尿失禁等泌尿系统疾病,后逐渐用于治疗大便失禁、慢性便秘等消化系统疾病.SNS主要通过脉冲发生器发出电脉冲信号,通过直接或者间接的方式刺激骶神经,调节膀胱、尿道、肛门和结直肠的神经反射,改善异常的神经调节,以达到治疗的效果.骶神经的调节常利用插入骶骨椎管S2-4(多为S3)的电极进行,通过脊髓反射和脊髓上反射的复杂调控来改善症状,其确切机制尚不明了,但已有多项研究结果表明,SNS在泌尿系统和消化系统的多种疾病的治疗中发挥了关键性作用.本文针对SNS的研究进展展开综述.

Sacral nerve stimulation(SNS)is well-known as a minimally invasive treatment.Originally,it was mainly used to treat urinary system diseases such as urge urinary incontinence.Gradually,it is used to treat digestive system diseases such as fecal incontinence and chronic constipation.SNS is a method in which electrical pulse signals are sent out through pulse generators to stimulate the sacral nerve directly or indirectly,thus modulating the nerve reflex of the bladder,urethra,anus,colon,and rectum and improving abnormal nerve regulation to achieve the therapeutic effect.The regulation of the sacral nerve is often carried out by inserting electrodes into the sacral spinal canal S2-4(mostly S3),and the symptoms are improved by complex regulation of spinal reflex and supraspinal reflex.However,the exact mechanism is still unclear.Many studies have shown that SNS plays a key role in the treatment of many diseases of the urinary system and digestive system.This paper reviews the progress in the research of SNS.