“一带一路”倡议下德国十六州投资环境评价研究

Investment Environment Assessment of Sixteen German Lands under the"Belt&Road"Initiative

德国是“一带一路”沿线的重要合作对象国,评估德国投资环境对于中国意义重大。从经济发达度、对外开放度、社会保障度、政策支持度和基建完备度五个角度构建德国十六州的投资环境评价指标体系,利用全局熵值法测算得出德国十六州2011-2017年的投资环境水平。结果表明:德国投资环境呈西强东弱、南强北弱的局面,而近年来较弱的东部和北部地区在改善投资环境方面的进步非常迅猛。具体来看,投资环境最优的区域是西部的北威州、南部的巴伐利亚州和巴符州3个州,投资环境适宜的是黑森州、下萨克森州、柏林市、莱普州、汉堡市和萨克森州6个州,剩下的石荷州、勃兰登堡州、图林根州、萨安州、萨尔州、不来梅市和梅前州7个州投资环境较一般。

Germany is an important country along the"Belt&Road"route and it is of great significance for China to evaluate its investment environment.The authors constructed an evaluation index system of investment environment for the 16 German Lands from five aspects:economic development degree,openness to the outside world,social security degree,policy support degree and capital construction completeness.The level of investment environment of the 16 German Lands from year 2011 to 2017 is estimated by overall entropy method.It is found that the investment environment level in Germany is higher in the West and the South,lower in the East and the North,and the lower regions in recent years are growing more rapidly than those higher regions.Specifically,3 Lands,namely Land Nordrhein-Westfalen in the west,Freistaat Bayern and Land Baden-Wurttemberg,are enjoying the best investment environment.Another 6 Lands,namely Land Hessen,Land Niedersachsen,Berlin,Land Rheinland-Pfalz,Hamburg and Freistaat Sachsen,rank in the middle.The remaining 7 Lands,namely Land Schleswig-Holstein,Land Brandenburg,Freistaat Thuringen,Land Sachsen-Anhalt,Saarland,Bremen and Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,have a more ordinary investment environment.