施氮处理对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of Wheat with Different Gluten Types

为探究施氮处理对不同筋型小麦的植株性状、籽粒产量和品质的影响,采用盆栽试验,选用强筋小麦品种中麦578(A1)和中麦5051(A2)、弱筋小麦品种扬麦15(A3)和扬麦24(A4)为供试品种,在施氮量相同的条件下进行底施(B1)和追施(B2)处理。结果表明:在其他栽培措施相同条件下,强筋小麦穗长、总小穗数、千粒重和籽粒产量均优于弱筋小麦,其中A1籽粒产量分别比A2、A3和A4高0.44%、49.81%和15.27%;施氮处理中B2的株高、穗长、穗粒数、总小穗数和籽粒产量均高于B1;不同处理组合中,强筋小麦品种A1B2的植株和产量性状优于其他处理;强筋小麦品种的籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量均高于弱筋小麦品种,且具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。本试验中强筋小麦品种中麦5051在氮肥追施处理中可以兼顾籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量。

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application on plant characteristics, grain yield and quality of wheat with different gluten types. Pot experiment was carried out, strong gluten wheat Zhongmai 578(A1) and Zhongmai 5051(A2), weak gluten wheat Yangmai 15(A3) and Yangmai 24(A4) were selected as test varieties. Under the same nitrogen application rate, basal application(B1) and topdressing(B2) treatments were carried out. The results showed that the ear length, total spikelets, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of strong gluten wheat were better than those of weak gluten wheat under the same cultivation measures. The yield of A1 were 0.44%, 49.81% and 15.27% higher than that of A2, A3 and A4, respectively;plant height, ear length, grain number per spike, total spikelet number and grain yield of B2 were higher than those of B1 in nitrogen application treatment among the different treatments, the plant and yield traits of strong gluten variety A1 B2 were better than other treatments;the protein content and protein yield of strong gluten varieties were higher than those of weak gluten varieties, and the difference was extremely significant(P < 0.01). In this experiment, strong gluten variety A2 was the best to achieve high benefit by giving consideration to grain yield, protein content and protein yield in B2 treatment.