废旧脲醛树脂热处理研究进展

Research progress of heat treatment of waste urea-formaldehyde resin

传统的堆砌、焚烧等方式都不能实现对废旧树脂的环保、高效的回收利用,热解处理因二次污染小、产物可回收,在有机固废无害化、能源化处理领域应用较为广泛.对脲醛树脂的焚烧、水解、热解3种热处理方式进行了综合比较,对热解产物特征、回收利用途径进行了系统性的总结,并指出了脲醛树脂与生物质共热解技术存在的问题以及未来研究方向.废旧树脂热解气态产物中CO2,NH3,CH4等含量较高,如何实现其安全、有效与清洁利用是热解技术需重点解决的问题;热解固态产物电化学性能优良,表面孔隙结构发达,有望作为催化剂载体、吸附剂和超级电容器的原料.废旧树脂参与到生物质热解过程中会导致产物中氮化物含量的增加,含氮官能团的存在对于提升多孔碳吸附性能和电化学性能有利,存在于液态产物中则表现出良好的抑菌能力,但热解气中的氮化物会在燃烧过程中转化为氮氧化合物形成新的污染.

Traditional methods such as stacking and incineration cannot assure the environmental protection and efficient recycling of waste resin.Pyrolysis treatment is used in the field of organic solid waste detoxification and energy treatment because of its low secondary pollution and recyclable products.In this paper,the three heat treatment methods of urea-formaldehyde resin including incineration,hydrolysis and pyrolysis are comprehensively compared,the characteristics of pyrolysis products and the ways of recovery and utilization are systematically summarized,and the existing problems and future research directions of the co-pyrolysis technology of urea-formaldehyde resin and biomass are pointed out.The contents of CO2,NH3 and CH4 in the gaseous products of waste resin pyrolysis are relatively high.How to realize their safe,effective and clean utilization is the key problem to be solved in the pyrolysis technology.Solid pyrolysis products have excellent electrochemical performance and well-developed surface pore structure,and are expected to be used as catalyst carriers,adsorbents and raw materials for super capacitors.Waste resin involved in the process of biomass pyrolysis can lead to the increase of nitrogen content in the product.The existence of nitrogen functional groups is beneficial to promote porous carbon adsorption performance and good electrochemical performance,while the presence in the liquid product shows good antibacterial ability.However,the nitrogen compounds in the pyrolysis gas will be converted into nitrogen oxides in combustion process to cause new pollution.