基于目标特性的航天器太阳光压面积计算方法

Calculation Method of Spacecraft Solar Pressure Area Based on Target Characteristics

太阳光压是影响深空探测航天器轨道确定与预报精度最主要的摄动力.针对实际任务需求,采用了一种基于目标特性的光压面积建模与计算方法,根据航天器形状、尺寸、表面材料以及材料光学特性等信息,实现了分析型光压模型的建立与求解,提高了计算效率和精度,可快速计算目标在光照方向上的光压面积、投影面积以及光压比例因子等参数.通过长方体光压面积理论值与仿真值的对比,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性.针对复杂结构探测器开展了光压面积计算,可为深空探测航天器精密定轨中的光压模型解算、定轨及预报提供参考.

Solar Radiation Pressure(SRP)is one the most important forces impacting the precision of spacecraft's orbit determination and prediction in deep space detection.In deep space exploration mission,there is no special solar pressure model for each spacecraft at present.The usual method is to simplify the shape and structure of spacecraft,and estimate the cross-sectional area and SRP area.In order to improve the accuracy of the SRP model,it is necessary to consider not only the occlusion relationship between different parts of the spacecraft in the light direction,but also the reflection characteristics of different materials on the surface of the spacecraft.Aiming at actual mission requirement,the method of calculating solar pressure area based on target characteristics is studied.Based on the information such as target's shape,size,surface materials and their optical characteristics,the analytical model of SRP is built.According to the relevant parameter information,the normal vector of each micro effective plane element,the angle between the plane element and the incident direction of the light,the type of material represented by the plane element,the relationship between mutual occlusion and the reflection characteristics of the material are calculated respectively.The calculation efficiency and precision is increased effectively,and the target's SRP area,the cross section area and the scale factor can be calculated fast.By comparing with theoretical SRP area of rectangular body,the simulated results are proved to be correct.At last one complex spacecraft's SRP areas are calculated and analyzed.This research can provide meaningful and significant references for the SRP modeling solution,orbit determination and forecasting.