疫苗免疫原的研究进展和趋势

Recent Progress and Trends in Vaccine Immunogen Research

疫苗是预防和控制传染病最为经济有效的手段,也是肿瘤、代谢性疾病、老年认知性疾病等慢性病具有潜力的防治手段。免疫原作为疫苗最为关键的要素,决定了疫苗效应的特异性和靶向性。以新型冠状病毒全球大流行为代表的重大、多发、高发、新发传染病的持续出现,给疫苗研发带来了巨大的挑战。免疫原选择和设计的理论依据不足是创新疫苗研究的共性关键科学问题。本文梳理了国内外近年来在疫苗免疫原研究方面的进展,指出在新一代疫苗革命背景下免疫原研究趋势和研究前沿。结合当前复杂免疫原的研究难点,提出了未来工作的建议,如:利用现代疫苗学相关的交叉前沿和创新,重点开展新型疫苗靶标发现、免疫原性精准设计理论、新型免疫增强或调控技术、仿人免疫评价体系和人体疫苗免疫应答机制等领域的工作。

Vaccines are the most cost-effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases,as well as the most potential means for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as tumors,metabolic diseases,Alzheimer's disease and so on.As the most critical ingredient in the vaccine formulation,vaccine immunogens determine the specificity and target while vaccine functioning.The major,frequent,highrisk,and emerging infectious diseases—represented by the current pandemic of COVID-19—occur constantly and dramatically challenge the vaccine development.The lack of theoretical basis for the selection and design of immunogens is a generally critical scientific issue for the research of an innovative vaccine.This review summarizes the recent progress on vaccine immunogen,and suggests the trends and frontiers of immunogen research in the context of the next-generation revolution of vaccines.In terms of the challenge for complex immunogen design,we propose some potential keystones for developing immunogen science applying the frontiers and innovations related to modern vaccinology,focusing on the discovery of new vaccine targets,establishing the theory of precise design of immunogenicity,new immune enhancement or regulation technologies and humanoid evaluation system for immune response and unraveling the mechanism of immune response induced by human vaccine.