概念知识启动的语境依赖原则

The Context-Dependent Principle of Priming Conceptual Knowledge

关于语境在概念知识启动过程中的作用,存在三种基本观点:(1)概念知识的启动完全独立于语境(自动激活原则);(2)概念的核心部分是自发启动的,其他部分的启动依赖于语境;(3)所有概念知识的启动都依赖于具体的语境(语境依赖原则)。本文提出了两种支持语境依赖假说的概念知识启动模型——语境-指称启动模型(RPEC)和语境-语义启动模型(SPEC),前者诉诸于概念的指称功能并要求启动项和被启动项之间存在特定的时空关联,后者诉诸概念的语义并要求启动项和被启动项之间存在语义关联。进而还论证了语境依赖原则相对于自动激活原则所拥有的解释与认知效率优势,以及词形相似性和语音相似性效应与语境启动效应之间的归属关系。

There have been three viewpoints about the role of context played in the priming processes of conceptual knowledge:Some conceptual psychologists claim that priming courses of concepts are independent of any specific contexts;others contend that the core of concepts is activated automatically while the remainder is context-dependent;and recent studies show that all the properties contained in concepts are primed context-dependently.This paper will propose two context-dependent models of priming conceptual knowledge,Referent-Priming-Effect in Context(RPEC)and Semantics-Priming-Effect in Context(SPEC),in order for a defense of the last view,namely the Context-Dependent Principle of Priming Conceptual Knowledge.The first model appeals to the referring function of concepts and indicates that there must be spatial and temporal connections between the priming and the primed items;The second appeals to the semantics of concepts and reveals that there must be particular semantic connections between the priming and the primed.Then the advantages of Context-Dependent Principle in explanation power and cognitive efficiency will be argued.And the relationship among orthographic similarity effects,phonological similarity ones and context-priming ones will be discussed in order to defend the context-dependent principle.