摘要
Although great attention has been paid to study the guiding effects of charged ions through insulating nanocapillaries or a single microcapillary[1]since the pioneering work of Stolterfoht et al.in 2002[2],the same high standard of reproducibility and accuracy among different laboratory cannot be expected because the bulk and surface conductivities of an insulating material are often not well characterized and depend strongly on the working conditions.In other words,the guiding processes are rather random than controllable.In addition,with the energy increasing,the incomplete guiding effect[3;4]limits the application of guiding a swift ion beam in a self-organizing way.
