社会形式与物质生产——对《大纲》中马克思政治经济学批判思想的解读

The Form of Society and Material Production——An Interpretation of Marx’s Critique of the Political Economy in the Grundrisse

以社会形式为核心来解读马克思的《资本论》,是西方学界较前沿的研究方向。笔者将此方法进一步推进到对《政治经济学批判大纲》(文中简称《大纲》)的解读,以更为清晰地揭示和呈现马克思政治经济学批判的理论意图。在笔者看来,对马克思社会形式概念的理解不应仅仅局限在资本主义商品经济对整个社会现实的“赋形”力量,以及由此所表达的资产阶级社会的历史特殊性之中,马克思更强调的是对社会形式的“赋形”力量之所以可能的来源的追溯,并将其批判性地纳入物质生产领域。在这个意义上理解马克思的政治经济学批判,不仅为物质生产作为社会的根基提供了科学论证,同时为我们重新理解马克思的资本主义批判理论提供了新的思路。

The interpretation of Marx’s Capital with the form of society as the core is the frontier brunch in contemporary western academic circles.In order to reveal and present the theoretical intention of Marx’s critique of the political economy more clearly,this paper further applies this method to the interpretation of the Grundrisse.In the author’s view,the understanding of Marx’s concept of the form of society should not be restricted to the forming power of capitalist commodity economy on the whole society and the historical nature of bourgeois society expressed from it.Marx laid more emphasis on tracing back the possible source of the forming power of the form of society,and integrating it into the field of material production critically.In this sense,Marx’s critique of the political economy not only provides scientific argumentation for material production as the foundation of society,but also provides a new way for us to re-understand Marx’s critical theory of capitalism.