Granular Carbides-Assisted Ultrafine-Ferrite Fabrication in the Pearlitic Steel Without Severe Plastic Deformation and Annealing

The evolution of ferrite grain and cementite lamella during cold rolling in a granular carbide–pearlite steel has been investigated.Particular attention has been given to a quantitative characterization of changes in the ferrite grains.Electron backscattered diff raction and transmission electron microscopy observations show that the ultrafi ne ferrite(~388 nm)can be produced through low equivalent strain cold rolling without severe plastic deformation(SPD)and annealing.The average grain size of ferrite depends on the volume fraction,shape and distribution of granular carbides as well as interlamellar spacing of pearlite.A general explanation of granular carbides-assisted grain refi nement is that the embedded carbides between natural barrier will signifi cantly facilitate dislocation nucleation during cold rolling.Dislocation reaction occurs more drastically and quickly near these granular carbides.Such reactions promote the formation of high-angle grain boundaries.The formation of ultrafi ne ferrite grains and subgrains in steel after cold rolling toε=1.4 strain makes the strength and ductility increased simultaneously compared withε=0.6 cold-rolled steel.The results suggest a new material design strategy to obtain ultrafi ne-grained structure via the granular carbides assistance.