利用产能过剩生活垃圾转运站建设大件垃圾集散设施选址研究

Study on the Location Selection of Building Bulky Waste Collection and Distribution Facilities by Utilizing Domestic Waste Transfer Stations with Overcapacity

随着垃圾分类制度的持续推进,一方面用于混合垃圾的转运体系及设施设备将出现产能过剩的情况,部分转运站甚至空闲;另一方面包括大件垃圾、园林垃圾等新兴垃圾在内的各种源头分流/分类垃圾需要构建专用转运设施。如何将新问题、新挑战转变为新机遇,通过现有资源的再分配与再利用实现新型垃圾转运体系的重构是当前各级政府及主管部门必须解决的新课题。以大件垃圾集散转运设施选址为突破口,致力于将一部分产能过剩的生活垃圾转运站建设为大件垃圾集散设施。通过分析大件垃圾集散设施选址影响因素,采用层次分析法和专家打分法确定经济目标、环境目标和社会目标的目标权重,建立综合效益最优的大件垃圾集散设施多目标选址模型,并将多目标转化为单目标,以海口市为例采用禁忌搜索算法求解。对选址结果及其影响因素进行分析,得知对系统综合目标值影响较大的因素为大件垃圾运输距离。

With the continuous advancement of waste classification system,on the one hand,the transfer system and facilities used for mixed waste will be overcapacity,and some transfer stations will even be idle.On the other hand,it is necessary to build special transfer facilities for the various source separation(classification)waste,including bulky waste,garden waste and other emerging waste.How to turn new problems and challenges into new opportunities,and realize the reconstruction of the new waste transfer system through redistribution and reuse of the existed resources were new issues that governments and competent authorities at all levels must solve.The location of bulky waste collection and distribution facilities was taken as a breakthrough,committed to construct a part of the domestic waste transfer stations with excess capacity into bulky waste collection and distribution facilities.By analyzing the influencing factors which affect the location of bulky waste collection and distribution facilities,the analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring methods were used to determine the weights of economic,environmental and social targets.The multi-objective site selection model of bulk waste collection and distribution facilities with optimal comprehensive benefits was established,and the multi-objective was transformed into a single objective model.Haikou City was taken as an example,and Tabu search algorithm was adopted to solve the problem.The site selection results and its influencing factors were analyzed,which concluded that the factor with greater impact on the comprehensive target value of the system was the distance of bulky waste transportation.