哈姆雷特延宕问题再思考

Revisiting Hamlet’s Delay

哈姆雷特延宕的原因是一桩悬而未决的公案,究其根由,是没有把问题放在一个合理的系统之下,从多种角度来考量。根据艾布拉姆斯的四元体系理论,文学应同时放在文本、作者、社会、读者的网络中加以审视,方可以得出合理的解释。《哈姆雷特》的内核是一部沉思剧,莎士比亚赋予哈姆雷特一个沉思型人物的形象,当时的社会与时代赋予哈姆雷特多种身份,于是他被塑造成一个处于行动和思考链条上的人物,这些因素合力形成了一个意义的网络。由此,我们可以解释他延宕的原因以及那段关于生死、存在的独白的真正含义。

The causes of Hamlet's delay have been a long-time issue and there are no convincing effective resolutions.The reason for the lack of resolutions is that it has not been brought under a balanced system for consideration.According to Abrams’s Four Element Theory,a piece of literary work should be examined under the system of the text,the author,the universe and the reader for proper interpretation.Hamlet should be esteemed as a meditative play,and Hamlet the character takes up the image of a meditator,and the social and historical context has made Hamlet burdened with multiple identities.Thus this character moves back and forth between action and meditation.All these factors collaboratively contribute to a web of meanings that can apply to the interpretation of Hamlet's delay and the true meaning of his well-known soliloquy,“to be or not to be.”