优化施肥对延迟栽培葡萄产量和养分吸收的影响

Effects of Optimized Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Grape With Facility-delayed Cultivation

在基施有机肥用量相同条件下,设置6个施肥处理,高氮、高钾、推荐施肥、无氮、无钾和习惯施肥,分析不同施肥方式对"红提"葡萄产量、经济效益、生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收的影响,以期获得延迟栽培葡萄肥料最佳施肥策略。结果表明:相比无氮、无钾处理,投入氮肥350 kg·hm^-2和钾肥350 kg·hm^-2可显著提高葡萄产量,幅度达16.6%和12.0%,但继续增加肥料投入量,氮肥450 kg·hm^-2、钾肥450 kg·hm^-2时葡萄产量不增反降。优化施肥方案不仅保证了葡萄氮磷钾元素的吸收需求,而且提高了果实比和氮磷钾元素收获指数。优化施肥处理果实比达48.6%,明显高于习惯施肥处理41.7%。优化施肥处理葡萄产量达16.2 t·hm^-2,显著高于果农习惯施肥处理,增产11.8%;经济效益达23.7万元·hm^-2,较习惯施肥处理提质增效29.5%。

In order to explore the best fertilization strategy for grape with facility-delayed cultivation,six fertilizer treatments under the same amount of organic fertilizer application,such as high nitrogen(HN),high potassium(HK),optimized fertilization(OPT),fertilization with phosphate and potassium fertilizer(PK),fertilization with nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer(NP) and control treatment(CK),were conducted to analysis effects of various fertilization on yield,economic efficiency,biomass and nutrient uptake of ’Hongti’ grape with facility-delayed cultivation.The results showed that compared to PK and NP treatments,grape yield increased significantly with 16.6% and 120.0% under input 350 kg·hm^-2 and 350 kg ·hm-2 treatments.However,grape yield could not still increase with fertilizer increased under 450 kg·hm^-2 and 450 kg ·hm^-2 treatments.Optimized fertilization treatment ensured the N,P and K demand for grape,and also improved the fruit ratio and the harvest index of N,P and K nutrient.The fruit ratio of OPT treatment was 48.6%,which was significantly higher than CK treatment with the value of 41.7%.The grape yield of OPT treatment was 16.2 t·hm^-2,which increased significantly compared CK treatment by 11.8%.Meanwhile,the economic efficiency of OPT was 237 000 yuan with 29.5% higher than CK treatment.