世界河口三角洲地貌演变动力机制综述

Research summarize on dynamic mechanisms of geomorphological evolution in world estuary delta

河口三角洲是世界人口集中、经济最发达的地区。数十年来广泛出现海岸侵蚀的地貌退化现象,导致世界三角洲城市受到潜在安全威胁,也使得三角洲地貌演变的动力机制研究成为国际热点。以往的大量研究揭示了三角洲地貌演变受到气候条件、底质沉积物、三角洲形态、河口工程甚至化学沉积等众多因素的控制,在三角洲主导动力机制和发展趋势上出现了激烈争论,长江河口三角洲情况尤其突出。这凸显了河口三角洲地貌控制因素的复杂性,也为三角洲城市未来的生态安全带来不确定性。建议未来加强河口地貌监测和不同控制因素间反馈机制的研究,并在城市规划建设中着重强调能够适应多重极端环境的“韧性”。

The estuary delta is a region with a concentrated population and the most developed economy in the world.In recent decades,coastal erosion and geomorphological degradation have occurred widely,which has caused potential security threats to delta cities globally and the dynamic mechanism of delta geomorphology evolution as an international hotspot.Several previous studies show that the evolution of delta geomorphology is controlled by numerous factors,such as climate conditions,sediment,delta morphology,estuarine engineering,and even chemical deposition.There is a fierce debate on the dominant dynamic mechanism and development trend of the delta,especially in the Yangtze River estuary delta.This highlights the complexity of geomorphological control factors in the estuary delta and makes the future ecological security of delta cities uncertain.It is suggested to strengthen the study of estuary geomorphology monitoring and feedback mechanisms among different control factors in the future,and emphasize the“resilience”that can adapt to multiple extreme environments in urban planning and construction.