影响潮州台风的气候特征

On the Climatological Characteristics of Typhoons Affecting Chaozhou

利用1957—2018年台风资料、潮州国家气象观测站资料,对影响潮州台风的气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明:近62年平均每年影响潮州的台风为1.9个,台风影响个数呈波动下降趋势(-0.016个/年)。影响潮州的台风主要集中在7—9月,占全年的83.6%,其中7月份最多。20世纪50年代末—70年代是台风影响偏多年代,21世纪初以来影响个数逐渐减少。南海的中部到东北部、菲律宾至关岛海域为影响潮州台风生成的高值区,所有影响潮州的台风源地均低于30°N,主要集中在10°N—20°N。影响潮州的台风登陆前后的路径有西北、偏北、偏西、转向和东北5类,其中以西北行为主,其次是偏北行。影响潮州的台风在西太平洋生成的以西北、偏西行为主,南海生成的以偏北行为主。台风影响潮州造成的灾害以强降水居多,有大风过程的影响以西侧登陆偏多,而单纯暴雨过程的东侧和西侧各占50%左右。

The data of typhoons and observations from national meteorological observation stations in Chaozhou from 1957 to 2018 are used to analyze the characteristics of climatological variation of the typhoons affecting the city.The result is shown as follows.For the 62 years studied,an average of 1.9 typhoons affected Chaozhou every year and the number of affecting typhoons showed a fluctuating decreasing trend(-0.016 per year).July through September are the months when typhoons mainly affect the city,taking up 83.6%of the yearly total,and July is the month of most activity.From the end of 1950 s to1970 s,the typhoon is the most active but it has been declining gradually since the start of the 21 th century.Typhoons that eventually affect Chaozhou are mostly generated in the areas from central to northeastern South China Sea and from the Philippines to Guam,and all of these typhoons originate from areas south of 30°N,mostly within 10 N°-20°N.Around their landfall,they mostly follow a northwestward,northward,westward,turning or northeastward path,with the northwestward path being the leading path,followed by the northward path.When these typhoons are generated over the northwestern North Pacific,they usually head to the northwest and west and when they appear over the South China Sea,the northward path takes up the majority.Intense rain is the main meteorological disaster resulting from these typhoons.Typhoons with high winds usually make landfall to the west of the city while those with just hard rain move over land to either the east or the west by about the same chance.