以人民为中心和以资本为中心:两种发展道路的比较——基于劳动价值论的若干思考

A Comparison of People Centered and Capital Centered Development Paths——Some Thoughts Based on the Theory of Labor Value

无论是当代资本主义,还是现阶段中国特色社会主义,实行的都是市场经济或商品经济,都要受到商品经济的基本规律——价值规律的支配和制约。但在不同的社会制度特别是不同的生产资料所有制下,同样的价值规律却会导致完全不同的结果。资本主义市场经济以资本为中心,生产目的是尽可能多地榨取剩余价值,具体表现为剩余价值的增长率总是大于而劳动力价值的增长率总是小于名义国内生产总值的增长率。社会主义市场经济以人民为中心,生产目的是“共同富裕”。在社会主义市场经济中,由于劳动者的个人利益和整体利益、当前利益和长远利益在根本上是一致的,故劳动力价值和剩余价值的增长率通常总是等于名义国内生产总值的增长率。

Whether it is contemporary capitalism or socialism with Chinese characteristics at this stage,what is implemented is a market economy or a commodity economy,and it must be governed and restricted by the basic law of commodity economy-the law of value.However,under different social systems,especially due to different ownership systems of the means of production,the same law of value will lead to completely different results.The capitalist market economy is centered on capital,and its purpose of production is to extract as much surplus value as possible.In other words,the absolute law of capitalism is the law of surplus value.The socialist market economy is centered on the people;The goal of people-centered production is“common prosperity”,which requires the value of labor force rather than surplus value to grow continuously.Under socialist conditions,the law of labor value growth is:if the necessary social deductions for expanding reproduction grow in synchrony with the labor value,and the interest rate is not considered,so the change in currency value is not considered,the growth rate of labor value in any period is equal to the growth rate of nominal GDP in the corresponding period.