成都市龙泉山城市森林公园植被恢复中物种选择研究

Study on Species Selection in Vegetation Restoration of the Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park in Chengdu

选择适宜成都市龙泉山城市森林公园物种,提出含困难立地上物种的栽培技术,可为龙泉山城市森林公园植被恢复中物种选择和景观配置提供科学依据。采用实地调查、问卷调查和查阅资料相结合的方法,初步拟定50个植物物种(涵盖了乔木、灌木和草本植物),分别从生态功能、康养功能、景观功能、经济价值4个方面选取了15个指标建立起物种选择评价的层次模型,采用层次分析法对龙泉山城市森林公园物种进行评价筛选;在困难立地上选择了5年生以上的13个乡土物种进行栽培试验,调查成活率和保存率。用层次分析法筛选出较适宜在龙泉山城市森林公园种植的物种有19种。其中乔木11种,灌木(小乔木、藤本)6种,草本植物2种。适宜在困难立地种植的乔木或灌木树种有刺槐、女贞、香樟、桢楠、银杏、栾树、火棘、石楠8种;栽培试验表明,13个乡土物种2年后的保存率均大于91%,其中,火棘、女贞、刺槐、黄栌、石楠、栾树、桂花、朴树的保存率达到了95%以上。基于龙泉山城市森林公园立地条件普遍较差,进行植被恢复时,为提高成活率和保存率,应选用大苗进行种植,栽植前3年,应进行适度灌溉,抚育和施肥。

Selecting suitable species for the Longquan Mountain urban forest park in Chengdu and putting forward cultivation techniques for species on difficult sites can provide scientific basis for landscape configuration and species selection in the vegetation restoration of the Longquan Mountain urban forest park.According to references literature,field investigation and questionnaire survey,50 plant species were preliminarily determined(including trees,shrubs and herbaceous plants),and 15 indexes were selected from the four aspects of ecological function,landscape function,health care function and economic values to establish the hierarchical model for species selection and evaluation.Subsequently,the selection and evaluation of species in the Longquan Mountain urban forest park were analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).13 native species over 5-years-old were selected for cultivation experiment on difficult sites,and the survival rate and conservation rate were investigated.Our results showed that 19 species suitable for planting in the Longquan Mountain urban forest park were selected by AHP.Among them,there were 11 tree species,6 shrubs species(small trees,vines)and 2 herbs species.There were 8 tree and shrub species suitable for planting on difficult sites,including Robinia pseudoacacia,Ligustrum lucidum,Cinnamomum camphora,Phoebe zhennan,Ginkgo biloba,Koelreuteria paniculata,Pyracantha fortuneana,Photinia serrulata.Our cultivation experiment showed that the conservation rate of 13 natural species after 2 years was more than 91%,among which,the conservation rates of Pyracantha fortuneana,Ligustrum lucidum,Cinnamomum camphora,Robinia pseudoacacia,Cotinus coggygria,Photinia serrulata,Koelreuteria paniculata,Osmanthus fragrans,Celtis sinensis were more than 95%.Considering the site conditions of the Longquan Mountain urban forest park were general poor,in order to improve the survival and conservation rate,large seedlings should be planted,and proper irrigation,tending and fertilization measure should be carried out three years after planting.