结合大数据与调查问卷分析城市公园使用特征——以广州市海珠区为例

Exploring Usage Characteristics of Urban Parks:a Case Study Of Haizhu District in Guangzhou

中国城市公园存在可达性差异以及绿色空间使用不均衡性的问题,亟待加强“城市公园-邻里”的关系,大数据的出现可以推动该技术的发展。以揭示“城市公园-邻里”关系为目标,以广州市海珠区为例,采用腾讯“宜出行”大数据(TUD)分析区内所有城市公园的使用时空间特征,并进一步采用问卷调查分析城市公园的市民满意度,展示大数据与问卷调查相结合方法的有效性。分析结果表明:城市公园使用存在两种类型的时空间规律,一类是建设较好、有吸引力,而且使用者数量较高的综合、生态或专类公园,具有明确的“周”、“日”高峰期,使用者数量与使用满意度呈现正相关。另一类是建设品质较差、可达性较高,使用者密度较高的社区公园和街旁绿地,尽管这一类用地使用满意度较低,但却发挥了较强的公共空间的社会效益。

Urban park green spaces experience unbalanced use and variable accessibility.Thus,there is an urgent need to strengthen the relationship between urban parks and their neighborhoods.Gathering significant data can promote this kind of development.Urban parks in Haizhu,Guangzhou,were analyzed according to time-spatial characteristics using Tencent User Density(TUD)data to reveal the relationships between city parks and neighborhoods.A survey was also conducted to analyze citizens'satisfaction with urban parks.This methodology demonstrated the effectiveness of combining big data and questionnaires.The results showed there are two types of time-space laws in urban park use.One type is the comprehensive,ecological,and special parks with good structure and a high number of users.These parks had clear weekly and daily user peaks.The number of users was positively correlated with user satisfaction.The other types are community parks and street green spaces with poor construction quality but high accessibility,resulting in high user density.Although this type of park had a low level of satisfaction,they contribute strong social benefits as available public spaces.