伞状结构发展的历史演进及当代价值——以20世纪以来西欧与拉美为例

The Historical Evolution and Contemporary Value of Umbrella Structure:Cases Study based on the Practice in Western Europe and Latin America since the 20th Century

鉴于国内大量车站、机场等交通枢纽以及集合市场等大跨度建筑的不断出现,提出伞状结构,并将其作为一类独特的结构形式加以研究。简要阐述了3种常见伞状结构的形式与特点,归纳梳理了20世纪伞状结构西欧与拉美发展变化的主要线索和3个主要阶段,即试验探索阶段、发展变化阶段和轻质化数字化阶段,厘清了每个阶段伞状结构的主要特征,以及主要建筑师对伞状结构的贡献及彼此间的相互影响。通过一些代表性作品重点阐明伞状结构的当代应用价值,其主要表现为结构的美观性与合理性,灵活的模块化建造方式和藉由可变性等构造策略回应地域气候3个方面,以期为建筑结构一体化设计提供启示和借鉴。

Umbrella-shaped architecture is not uncommon in the construction of large-span buildings like stations,airports,markets,and other buildings.This wide usage makes it a significant type of structure for research.The forms and characteristics of three common umbrella structures are briefly explained and the three main stages of 20th Century development of the umbrella structure from Western Europe to Latin America are summarized.The three main stages identified are:the experimental stage,the development stage,and the lightweight and digital stage.The primary characteristics of the umbrella structure at each stage and significant architects'contributions to the umbrella structure are also discussed.Moreover,the contemporary value of the umbrella structure is explored via a number of representative works.The contemporary value of the structure is demonstrated via the aesthetics and rationality of such structures,flexible modular construction methods,and responses to the regional climates that use structural strategies.Research conclusions provide inspiration and reference for integrated architectural design using the umbrella structure.