高性能轻质铝型材有效摩擦挤压新工艺核心技术研究与应用

Research and application of new effective friction extrusion technology for high performance lightweight aluminium profile

介绍了高性能轻质铝型材有效摩擦挤压新工艺的技术特点和实际生产的必要性,提出了用于实际工业生产的有效摩擦挤压新工艺的技术路线,针对此技术路线建立了双挤压杆的挤压机结构形式,通过采用对挤压筒速度和力量双闭环控制策略,实现在挤压过程中挤压筒和挤压杆Ⅰ同向运动并和铝锭坯产生相对运动的趋势进而施加给铝锭坯一个沿挤压方向的有效摩擦力,建成了系列化的高性能轻质铝型材有效摩擦挤压装置并用于工业化生产。提出大挤压比中小直径无缝铝管有效摩擦挤压工艺路线,实现了中小直径超长无缝铝管的双动有效摩擦挤压生产,提高了材料利用率和产品精度。工业实际生产表明:有效摩擦挤压成形工艺改善了铝锭坯变形一致性,提高了挤压后型材沿长度方向机械性能和组织性能的均匀性,消除了粗晶环缺陷,并节省挤压力和能耗。

This paper introduces the technical characteristics of the new effective friction extrusion process for high-performance lightweight aluminium profiles and the necessity of actual production,and puts forward the technical route of the effective friction extrusion process for practical industrial production.According to this technical route,the structure of the extrusion press with two stems was established.By adopting the double closed-loop control strategy of the speed and force of the container,during the whole extrusion,the container and stemⅠcan be moved in the same direction,and come into being a tendency of relative motion with the billet,so an effective friction force can be push on the aluminum billet.A series of high-performance effective friction extrusion equipment for light aluminum profiles has been built and used in industrial production.The effective friction extrusion process route of small and medium diameter seamless aluminum tube with large extrusion ratio was proposed.The double action effective friction extrusion production of small and medium diameter over-length seamless aluminum tube was realized,and the material utilization rate and product precision were improved.The industrial production shows that the effective friction extrusion process can improve the deformation consistency of aluminum billet,The results also show that the coarse-grained ring is no longer produced in the effective friction extrusion of aluminum profile products,and the mechanical properties and microstructure propertiesalong the product length direction is more uniform.This extrusion method is more laborsaving and energy-saving.