论元丰改制后宋代中央学官的迁转

The Study of the Transfer of Central Academic Officers After Yuanfeng Reform in the Song Dynasty

元丰改制后宋代中央学官迁转可分为两个层级,正、录、谕、博士为一层级,此层级学官主要在学官内部迁转,并形成了固定的迁转模式。说明此层级学官经历教学实践历练,职业化强。国子监长贰为第二层级,此层级学官迁转虽不属于学官内部迁转,但其迁出、迁入官均以同性质的文翰之职为主。不同层级的学官因职掌不同,形成了两种不同的迁转模式。元丰改制后中央学官的迁出、迁入官都以性质相同或相近的职官为主,表明宋代官僚制理性化较强,此点或许是宋代教育蓬勃发展的重要制度保障。

After Yuanfeng Reform,the transfer of central academic officials in Song Dynasty can be divided into two levels.Xuezheng,Xuelu,Xueyu,and Boshi(all of which are position titles)are mainly transferred within the academic officials,forming a fixed transfer mode.It shows that the academic officials at this level have experienced teaching practice and are highly professional.Zhang’er(principal)of the Imperial College belongs to the second level.Although they are not transferred within the academic officials,the relocated and transferred officials all serve as officers for official documents.Different levels of academic officials undertake different responsibilities,resulting in two different transfer modes.After Yuanfeng Reform,central academic officials are mainly relocated to positions of the same or similar nature and replaced by officials from those positions,indicating that the bureaucracy in the Song Dynasty was more rational,which may be an important institutional guarantee for the flourishing development of education in Song Dynasty.