俞樾科场命题“割裂经义”事件考述

A Study on the Event of Text Propositions Dissevering the Words of Confucius by Yu Yue

俞樾任河南学政期间,因科场命题“割裂经义”而遭御史曹登庸参劾,受到革职处罚。当代诸多文献认为,俞樾命拟的试题为“君夫人阳货欲”“王速出令反”与“二三子何患乎无君我”。综合曹登庸、英桂等大臣的奏折与咸丰帝的谕旨等史料,以及《蛰存斋笔记》等分析,俞樾科场命题割裂经义,其事属实,但试题是否包括“君夫人阳货欲”等,可能性并不大。“君夫人阳货欲”等可能为清代童生嘲讽出截搭题的考官而捏造的传闻,后演变为俞樾的一则逸事,被民国时期的笔记小说记载。

As a superintendent of Henan province,Yu Yue dissevered the words of Confucius while making text propositions,and was impeached by censor Cao Dengyong.Many contemporary documents hold that the test propositions are“jun fu ren yang huo yu”,“wang su chu ling fan”,“er san zi he huan hu wu jun wo”.(The true meanings of these sentences are controversial and completely different from their literal meanings.)According to the memorials,imperial edicts,historical materials and the analysis of works such as Notes of Zhecunzhai,Yu Yue did make text propositions dissevering the words of Confucius.But those controversial sentences may have been fabricated by the examinees in the Qing dynasty to mock the examiners who made test propositions.Later,the story evolved into an anecdote of Yu Yue,which was absorbed by the notebook novels of the Republic of China.