专利侵权纠纷救济“双轨制”下行政裁决与司法裁判程序衔接相关问题的探讨

Discussion on the Connection between Administrative Adjudication and Judicial Adjudication Procedure under the Dual-track System of Patent Infringement Dispute Resolution

我国对专利侵权纠纷的救济实行司法和行政并存的"双轨制"模式,两者在程序上做好衔接是"双轨"互补的基础。《专利行政执法办法》为规避"双轨"重复管辖作有规定,司法机关亦应作出相应的规定。行政机关裁决中参考《民事诉讼法》等有关规定对案件采取的具体处理程序,后续司法审查应认可其合法性。行政裁决后当事人在法定期限内提起司法救济的,裁决应该是不生效的,有待司法审查结果决定其效力。行政裁决责令停止侵权的处理决定效力及于侵权人相应的侵权行为,而不受行政机关所属地域范围的限制。我国专利侵权纠纷行政裁决的司法救济途径应逐渐摈弃行政诉讼的模式,采用"当事人诉讼"的民事诉讼方式。对于请求人单独提起的侵害赔偿之诉,法院应将裁决结果作为事实性证据对侵权直接作出认定,仅就侵权损害赔偿额作出审理和判决。建立专利纠纷行政调解司法确认机制,是提高专利纠纷解决效率、降低社会解纷成本、促进行政和司法资源优化配置的多赢共利之道。

China adopts a“dual-track”system regarding a relief to patent infringement disputes,enabling the patent holders to seek both judicial and administrative reliefs.It is fundamental to build a smooth procedural link for the system to play its mutually complementary role.The Measures for Administrative Enforcement of Laws on Patents has made relevant provisions to solve the overlapping governance in the“dual-track”system,so the judiciary organs should also make relevant prescriptions.In making judgement,the administrative authorities refer to the Civil Procedural Law on specific procedures for case handling.The judiciary organs,through subsequent review,should recognize its legality.If a party to the dispute submits for a judiciary relief within a legal time limit after the administrative adjudication is made,the adjudication shall not come into force and the force of the adjudication shall be determined through judicial review.The force of an administrative adjudication of a stop order on an infringement extends to the corresponding infringement actions of the infringer,and is not subject to the territorial jurisdiction of the administrative authorities.For seeking a judiciary relief regarding an administrative adjudication on patent infringement disputes in China,bringing an administrative lawsuit should be gradually replaced by“parties to the dispute bringing a civil suit”.For complaints of infringement damages brought by the claimant alone,the court should use the adjudication as the factual evidence to rule on infringement directly,only trying and making judgment on the compensation amount for infringement damages.To set up a confirmation mechanism for administrative settlement on patent disputes is a multi-win and mutually beneficial way to improve the settlement efficiency,lower the social settlement costs and facilitate the optimization of allocation of administrative and judicial resources.