切除眼柄与触角对波纹龙虾存活、蜕壳、摄食和生长的影响

Effects of eyestalk and antenna ablation on survival,molt,feeding and growth of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus

为了探讨切除眼柄或第二触角对波纹龙虾Panulirus homarus幼虾存活、蜕壳、摄食和生长的影响,以体质量为(18.15±1.85)g的波纹龙虾为研究对象,试验设置对照组(无任何处理)、眼柄切除组和触角切除组,每组设3个平行,每个平行放15尾虾,共养殖120 d,试验结束后分析测定波纹龙虾的存活、蜕壳和生长变化情况。结果表明:眼柄切除组波纹龙虾存活率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),而触角切除组与对照组间存活率无显著性差异(P>0.05);切除眼柄对波纹龙虾的蜕壳周期无显著性影响(P>0.05),而切除触角则显著延长了波纹龙虾第1次蜕壳的时间(P<0.05),切除的触角经过2次蜕壳后再生,前后两次蜕壳对整体的蜕壳周期无显著性影响(P>0.05),但切除触角的波纹龙虾平均蜕壳周期显著大于其他两组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,切除眼柄显著提高了波纹龙虾的摄食率(P<0.05),并显著降低了饵料系数(P<0.05),而切除触角则显著提高了波纹龙虾的摄食率和饵料系数(P<0.05);切除眼柄显著促进了龙虾的生长,眼柄切除组龙虾各时间点的体质量增长率、体长增长率和特定生长率均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),而切除触角对上述各项指标均无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,波纹龙虾眼柄的切除有助于提高养殖存活率,促进其摄食和生长,在养殖生产上值得借鉴和推广,而触角的切除对其生长无益处,还可能因病原入侵而导致龙虾死亡,因此,在养殖生产中应谨慎捕捉波纹龙虾,以保持其触角完整。

Juvenile scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus with body weight of(18.15±1.85)g were divided into three groups including control group(intact lobster),eyestalk-ablation group and antenna-ablation group and reared conventionally in a 0.5 m^3 plastic circular bucket with three replicates of each 15 individuals for 120 days to investigate the effects of eyestalk and antenna ablation on the survival,molt,feeding and growth of the lobster.The results showed that there was significantly higher survival rate in the lobster in eyestalk-ablation group than that in the antenna-ablation group and control group(P<0.05),without significant difference in survival rate in the lobster between the antenna-ablation group and control group(P>0.05).The first molt was significant later observed in the lobster in the antenna-ablation group(P<0.05),though there was no significant effect of eyestalk-ablation on the molt cycle(P>0.05).The antenna was found to be regenerated in the lobster with the twice antenna-ablation which there was no significant influence on the molt cycle after the two molts(P>0.05),with significantly longer molt cycle in the antenna-ablation group than that in eyestalk-ablation group and the control group throughout the experiment.The lobster with eyestalk-ablation had significantly higher food intake rate and lower food conversion ratio(P<0.05).The significantly higher food intake rate and food conversion ratio were found in the lobster in eyestalk-ablation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The eyestalk-ablation led to significantly promote the growth of the lobster due to higher weight gain rate,length gain rate and specific growth rate at different time compared to the other two groups(P<0.05),without significant effect of antenna-ablation on the above growth indicators(P>0.05).It is concluded that the eyestalk ablation results in improvement of survival rate,feeding and growth of the lobster,which is worthing application and popularization in aquaculture production.However,the antenna ablation not only serves no benefit to the growth of the lobster,but also leads to the death as a result of pathogen invasion,with careful harvesting of the lobster in aquaculture production to keep the integrity of antennae.