钾肥追施时期后移对甜瓜产量和品质及钾肥利用率的影响

Effects of postponed the topdressing periods of potassium fertilization on yield&quality and potassium utilization efficiency of muskmelon

为明确钾肥施用时期对甜瓜产量和品质及钾肥利用率的影响,以连栋棚内栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种“众云20”为试验材料,比较6种钾肥追施时期对甜瓜干物质量、产量、品质、钾肥利用率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,定植后54 d追施钾肥(T1和T3)可促进甜瓜生长,显著提高甜瓜干物质积累量和产量,改善甜瓜品质;显著提高中心和边部可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量;显著降低可滴定酸含量,同时,促进甜瓜对钾素的吸收,提高钾肥利用率、钾肥偏生产力和钾素农学效率,其产值及经济效益亦明显增加。在连栋棚加地膜覆盖高产栽培条件下,以定植后54 d追施钾肥为较适宜的追钾时期,有利于促进甜瓜生长,改善品质,提高经济效益。

To make clear different topdressing periods of potassium fertilization on yield,quality and potassium utilization efficiency of muskmelon,a field experiment was conducted to study the topdressing periods of potassium fertilization on the dry matter accumulation,yield,quality,utilization rate and economic benefit of muskmelon cv.Zhongyun 20.The results showed that potassium fertilization topdressing 54 days after transplanting could promote the growth of muskmelon,significantly enhance the dry matter accumulation and the yield,improve the quality of melon,and significantly increase the content of soluble solids in the center and edges,solid-acid ratio,and the contents of vitamin C and soluble protein,and the titratable acid content was significantly reduced.Simultaneously,the potassium absorption of muskmelon was promoted,the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer,the productivity of potassium fertilizer and the agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer were improved,and the output value and economic benefits were also significantly increased.Under high yield cultivation conditions in the tent with plastic film mulching,potassium fertilization topdressing application 54 days after transplanting treatment was the suitable period,which could promote the development of muskmelon,improve the quality and increase the economic benefits.