“独立劳动”视角下网约车运输承运人的认定

The Identification of the Carrier of Online Car-hailing Services from the Perspective of“Independent Labor”

立法的缺失导致司法实践对网约车运输承运人的认定存在分歧,围绕驾驶员是否为承运人这一争议,司法实践中出现了平台单独承担承运人责任、平台与驾驶员承担连带责任等不同判决方式。结合当前民法理论与实践,我国应以“独立劳动”为视角,创设以利他合同理论为基础的网约车运输承运人认定机制,明确驾驶员为承运人的认定标准,构建界分平台承运人与驾驶员承运人的具体认定规则,进而为司法提供一种可借鉴的思路,达到明确认定与诠释承运人、类型化同类案件的效果。

The lack of relevant legislation has led to differences in judicial identification of the carriers of online car-hailing services.The focus of the dispute is whether the driver can be regarded as the carrier.This has caused different judgments such as the online platform alone assuming the carrier's liability and both the platform and the driver assuming joint liability.Considering the current civil law theory and practice,we argue that China should adopt“independent labor”as an applicable concept,create a mechanism for identifying the carrier of online car-hailing services on the basis of the altruistic contract theory,clarify the criteria for identifying the driver as the carrier,and build rules for the determination of liability between the online platform and the driver as the carrier.The specific rules for identifying the driver as the carrier can provide a reference for the judiciary to clearly identify and interpret the meaning of the carrier and draw generalized guidance on handling the cases of the same type.