海口市老年人日常生活自理能力及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Self-care Ability of the Elderly in Haikou and Its Influencing Factors

目的:通过调查海口市60岁及以上社区老年人的日常生活自理能力及其影响因素,为老年人提高健康保健水平、增强健康意识提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法选取符合纳入标准的社区老年人365人,运用ADL量表调查老年人日常生活自理能力现状,对影响自理能力的相关因素进行单因素χ2分析与多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:92.1%的老年人具有完全自理能力;年龄、婚姻状况、现居住情况、退休前职业、目前吸烟情况、平均每周运动锻炼时间、是否患有经医生诊断的慢性病、调查前12个月是否住过院与老年人日常生活自理能力有关,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);婚姻状况、退休前职业、目前吸烟情况、平均每周运动锻炼时间、调查前12个月内是否住院是老年人日常生活自理能力的主要影响因素。结论:海口市老年人日常生活自理能力整体水平较高,离婚、调查前12个月住院的老年人自理能力比同组老年人差,务工、务农、吸烟的老年人自理能力情况较好,要多维度关怀老年人的晚年生活与心理状态,增强老年人的健康保健意识。

Objective:By investigating the daily self-care ability and its influencing factors of the elderly aged 60 or above in Haik⁃ou,this paper provides scientific basis for the elderly to improve their health care level and enhance their health awareness.Methods:A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 365 elderly people in the community who met the inclu⁃sion criteria.ADL scale was used to investigate the status quo of the elderly’s self-care ability in daily life,and univariateχ2 analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted on the related factors affecting self-care ability.Results:A total of 365 residents over the age of 60 were surveyed in this study.92.1%of the elderly have full self-care ability.Age,marital status,current res⁃idence,pre-retirement occupation,current smoking status,average weekly exercise time,chronic diseases diagnosed by doctors,and hospitalization in the 12 months before the survey were correlated with the elderly’s ability to take care of themselves in daily life,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Marital status,pre-retirement occupation,current smoking status,average weekly exer⁃cise time,and whether the elderly were hospitalized in the 12 months before the survey were the main factors influencing the elderly’s ability to take care of themselves in daily life.Conclusion:The overall level of self-care ability of the elderly in Haikou is relatively high.The self-care ability of the elderly hospitalized 12 months before divorce or investigation is worse than that of the elderly in the same group,and the self-care ability of the elderly who work,farm and smoke is better.It is necessary to care the old people’s life and mental state in a multidimensional way to enhance their health care awareness.