山西长子崇庆寺千佛殿彩绘泥塑贴金表面涂层的清洗研究

Research on cleaning the coating on gilded clay figurines in the Thousands of Buddha Hall of Chongqing Temple in Zhangzi County,Shanxi Province

山西长子崇庆寺千佛殿彩绘泥塑表面均有不同程度贴金,由于贴金表面涂层已经发生老化,颜色变成褐色,以现有的技术清理该涂层会损伤金箔。为了解决清除贴金表面原始涂层可能对金箔造成损伤的问题,在千佛殿释迦牟尼背光位置采集样品进行剖面显微分析、扫描电镜分析、红外光谱分析。结果表明原始涂层已经发生层片状卷翘脱落现象,其物质组成为生漆漆膜。根据分析结果结合现场局部试验筛选出适宜的清洗剂——NYC溶液。该溶液与涂层发生反应,将涂层溶解为液体,然后用宣纸贴在泥塑表面将液体吸收干净达到清理的目的。整个过程无外力作用,且对金箔无损伤。

Painted clay figurines in the Thousands of Buddha Hall of Chongqing Temple in Zhangzi County,Shanxi Province,have been gilded to varying degrees.Coatings on the gilded surfaces had aged and turned brown,but it was feared that cleaning using existing technologies might damage the gold leaves.In order to solve the problem,samples taken from the back light positions of Sakyamuni were analyzed by cross-section microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectrometry.The results show that the original coatings had curled and peeled off,and that the remaining component was raw lacquer.Based on these results,tests were conducted to find a suitable agent for cleaning the coating;NYC solution was screened.The solution dissolved the coatings and then rice paper was used to absorb liquid on the surface of the figurine.The whole process was gentle and did not damage the gold leaves.