内蒙古龙游湾国家湿地公园鸟类动态变化及空间分布格局

The Dynamic Change and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Birds in Longyouwan National Wetland Park in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古龙游湾国家湿地公园地处黄河流域上游地区,是迁徙候鸟的重要停歇地和繁殖地。2016—2018年调查了龙游湾国家湿地公园鸟类种类以及不同生境和季节的鸟类分布格局。结果表明:(1)龙游湾国家湿地公园野生鸟类113种,隶属19目39科;与2011年相比,新增鸟类42种,未记录或减少26种;夏候鸟54种、旅鸟25种、留鸟24种、冬候鸟10种,分别占湿地公园鸟类种数的47.79%、22.12%、21.23%和8.85%,夏候鸟占绝对优势;(2)湿地生境分布的鸟类最多,有100种,占湿地公园鸟类种数的88.5%;灌丛有36种,占湿地公园鸟类种数的31.86%;林地有25种,占鸟类种数的22.12%;农田和居民区分布鸟种类较少,有22种和11种,占湿地公园鸟类种数的19.5%、9.73%;(3)不同季节鸟类种群数量差异明显,春季鸟类种类和数量最多,有98种,数量多达上万只;夏季鸟类主要以繁殖鸟类为主,有78种;秋季鸟类有53种,冬季鸟类主要以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,有40种。研究结果可对今后龙游湾国家湿地公园的鸟类繁育、生境恢复和鸟类栖息地保护提供科学依据。

Longyouwan national wetland park of Inner Mongolia,located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,is an important site for resting and breeding for migratory birds.In 2016-2018,the changes of bird species and the distribution pattern of different habitats and seasons in the park were investigated.The findings suggest:(1)There are 113 species of wild birds belonging to 19 orders and 39 families in longyouwan national wetland park.Compared with 2011,there are 42 new species,26 less or not recorded species,54 species of summer migratory birds,25 species of migratory birds,24 species of resident birds and 10 species of winter migratory birds,accounting for 47.79%,22.12%,21.23%and 8.85%of the total bird species in the park,respectively.(2)There are 100 species of birds in the wetland,accounting for 88.5%of the total bird species in the park,36 species in the shrub-grassland,accounting for 31.86%of the total bird species in the park,and 25 species in the woodland,there are 22 species and 11 species in farmland and residential area,accounting for 19.5%and 9.73%of the total bird species in the park.(3)There are obvious differences in the number of bird species in different seasons.In spring,there are 98 bird species and 10000 birds.in summer,there are mainly breeding birds,with 78 species and 53 species in autumn,there are 40 species of winter birds,mainly resident birds and winter migratory birds.The results will provide scientific evidences for bird species breeding,habitat restoration and bird habitat protection in Longyouwan national wetland park.