阳明心学“知行合一”说的佛学关联

On the Buddhist Relevance of"the Unity of Knowledge and Action"in Wang Yangming′s Philosophy of the Mind

宋明时期儒道释三教交融,各学派之间互学互鉴成为常态。王阳明早年"笃志"于佛老,深受熏染。尽管他后来对佛学持见偏颇,但还是难以割舍。为抵制"先知后行"说并消除知行分割的危害,王阳明援佛入儒,倡导"知行合一"。在佛学视域下就不难领悟其观念内核。知,之所以为行的起端,因"知"为意的"造作",就已构成了"行"的"业";而"行"包含身、口、意的"造作",所以知行不可分割。故王阳明要提出"致良知"作为补充。通过对"知行合一"说与佛学观念及经典的比照,印证了阳明心学"儒表佛里"的特质。

During the Song and Ming Dynasties,with the blending of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,learning from each other between schools had become the norm.In his early years,Wang Yangming was deeply influenced by Buddhism.Although he later held biased views on Buddhism,he was still unable to give up.In order to resist the theory of"prophet working prior to actions"and eliminate the harm of the division of knowledge and action,Wang Yangming assisted Buddhism into Confucianism and advocated"unity of knowledge and action".From the perspective of Buddhism,it is not difficult to understand its core concept.Knowledge is the beginning of action,because"knowledge"is the"creation"of meaning,which has constituted the"behaviors"of"action";and"action"includes the"behaviors"of body,mouth and mind.So knowledge and action are inseparable.Therefore,Wang Yangming would propose"to conscience"as a supplement.By comparing the theory of"the unity of knowledge and action"with Buddhist concepts and classics,this article confirms the characteristics of"Confucianism expressing Buddhism"in Yangming′s philosophy of the mind.