稻虾共作对产地环境及农产品质量安全风险的影响——基于洪湖市的实证分析

Effects of Ecological Mode of Rice-Shrimp Cultivation on LocalEnvironment and Safety of Agricultural Products

为探明稻虾共作模式对土壤、农产品质量安全风险的影响,选择洪湖市典型的“稻虾共作”田,通过实地调查采样与室内实验检测,研究稻虾养殖区与常规种植区的环境及产品安全性指标的差异。结果表明,①稻虾养殖基地与常规种植区相比,随着虾稻共作年限时间的增加,土壤中营养元素略微富集,有机质含量增幅较明显。②稻虾养殖区与常规种植区的稻米中,8种重金属含量无显著差异,均未超过食品安全国家标准规定的限量值,污染风险较小;小龙虾重金属含量均远远小于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中限量值,且均未超过《农产品质量安全无公害水产品安全要求》规定的限值,重金属单因子污染指数P i<0.2。③养殖水中8种重金属含量均未超过《无公害农产品淡水养殖产地环境条件》规定的限值。

In order to find out the influence of rice-shrimp co-cropping system on the risk of soil and agricultural products quality and safety,a typical“shrimp-rice co-cropping”field inHonghu was selected,the difference of environment and Product Safety Index between rice-shrimp clture area and conventional culture area was studied.Results showed that:①Compared with the conventional cultivation area,the soil nutrient elements were slightly enriched and the organic matter content increased with the increase of shrimp-rice co-cropping years.②There was no significant difference in the contents of 8 kinds of heavy metals between Rice and shrimp culture area and conventional cultivation area,and none of them exceeded the limit value of national food safety standard.The contents of heavy metals in crayfish were less than the limits of pollutants in food safety national standard,and all did not exceed“agricultural product quality safety,pollution-free Aquatic Product Safety Requirements”the limit value.The single factor pollution index(P i)of heavy metals was less than 0.2.③The contents of 8 heavy metals in aquaculture water did not exceed the limit value stipulated in environmental conditions of pollution-free agricultural products and freshwater aquaculture.