刑事拘留的历史嬗变及其新发展——监察体制改革背景下的重新定位

The Historical Evolution and New Development of Criminal Detention——Reorientation under the Background of Supervision System Reform

随着监察体制改革全面推开,2018年修订的《刑事诉讼法》第一百七十条第二款增加了"检察机关对监察机关移送起诉的已经采取留置措施的职务犯罪案件,对犯罪嫌疑人应当先行拘留"的规定。这一规定不仅实现了监察调查程序与刑事诉讼程序之间的耦合式衔接,而且赋予了刑事拘留全新的内涵。在普通刑事案件侦查权与职务犯罪案件检察权两种权力谱系下考察"刑事拘留",会发现其呈现出"双向并存、独立运行"的差异化样态与"诉讼保全、转型审查"的权力价值功能。修订的《刑事诉讼法》赋予检察机关先行拘留权,彰显了检察机关在职务犯罪案件中"审前功能主导者""刑事司法管理者"的重要地位。

With the reform of supervision system being carried out in an all-round way, the second paragraph of Article 170 of the criminal procedure law revised in 2018 added the regulation that "the procuratorial organs shall detain the criminal suspects in advance for the duty crime cases that have been transferred and prosecuted by the supervision organs and have taken lien measures". This regulation not only realizes the coupling connection between the supervision and investigation procedure and the criminal procedure, but also endows the criminal detention with a new connotation. When we study "criminal detention" under the two power pedigrees of investigation power and prosecution power of duty crime cases, we can find that it presents the different pattern of "two-way coexistence and independent operation" and the power value function of "litigation preservation and transformation review". The revised criminal procedure law gives the procuratorial organs the right to detain in advance, which shows the important position of the procuratorial organs as the "pre-trial function leader" and "criminal justice manager" in dealing with duty crime cases.