中国特色反腐败模式的探索与创新:从“运动”到“运动+制度”

Exploration and Innovation of Anti-Corruption Models with Chinese Characteristics:From“Campaign”to“Campaign+System”

运动型治理有着长久的历史渊源,是中国国家治理制度逻辑的重要组成部分。本文梳理并总结了新中国成立后几次大规模运动型反腐败的渊源与特点,并将运动型反腐败作为一个整体与以科层治理为特征的制度反腐败比较分析。新中国成立初期的“三反”运动,改革开放初期的打击严重经济犯罪工作,以及党的十八大以来的反腐败运动有明显的共同特点:运动是自上而下发动的;“打老虎”是运动的重点;运动为建设、改革、发展营造良好环境。研究表明,新中国成立以来反腐败模式呈现出从“运动”向“运动+制度”的转变。这一模式的特点是:运动与制度建构有一个先后顺序;反腐败运动的形式与时俱进;反腐败运动与制度建设相配合。

With its long history,governance with campaigns is an important part of the logic of China's national governance system.Summarizing the origins and characteristics of several large-scale campaigns of after the founding of PRC,this paper compares the campaign-based anti-corruption as a whole and the institutional anti-corruption characterized by bureaucratic governance.The“Three Anti”campaigns in the early days of the PRC,the cracking down on serious economic crimes in the early stage of reform and opening up,and the anti-corruption campaign during the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China had obvious common features:all were launched top-down;the focus was“tiger fighting”,and all created a good atmosphere for construction,reform and development.Research shows that the anti-corruption model has developed from“campaign”to“campaign+system”.The characteristics of this model are:there is a sequence of campaign and system construction;the form of the anti-corruption campaign keeps pace with the times;and the anti-corruption campaign is coordinated with system construction.