一种新生儿专用腰椎穿刺针的设计

The Design of a Special Lumbar Puncture Needle for Newborn

目的:设计一种适合于新生儿做腰椎穿刺的穿刺针,以解决目前无新生儿专用腰椎穿刺针的实际问题,同时减少穿刺失败、出血损伤的概率及方便更准确地测定脑脊液压力。方法:新设计的腰穿针由穿刺针芯前后段、留置针套、针座、卡环、手握柄、引流软管、节流器、接头等组成。穿刺针芯前后段由不锈钢材料制作,留置针套由氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物(FEP)或聚氨酯制作,引流软管由医用硅胶管制作,接头采用医用橡胶制作,其余部分由医用塑料制作。结果:新设计的腰椎穿刺针可在穿刺成功后退出实心穿刺针而仅保留留置针套在体内,大大地降低了损伤的风险;即使穿刺失败后也可重复多次穿刺而无需更换穿刺针,减少穿刺针数量的耗费;同时也更方便进行脑脊液标本收集、测压或药物注射等操作,并能对脑脊液进行节流,能降低穿刺失败、出血损伤、感染或脑疝等情况的发生概率。结论:新设计的腰椎穿刺针结构并不复杂,操作方便,能够解决目前临床上新生儿做腰椎穿刺操作时面临的常见问题,有很强的实用性。

Objective:To design a puncture needle suitable for newborn to do lumbar puncture,in order to solve the practical problem that there is no special lumbar puncture needle for newborn at present,at the same time to reduce the probability of puncture failure,bleeding injury and to measure the CSF pressure more accurately and conveniently.Methods:The newly designed lumbar puncture needle consists of the anterior and posterior segments of the puncture needle core,the retaining needle sleeve,the needle seat,the snap ring,the handle of the hand,the drainage hose,the restrictor and the connector.The front and back sections of the puncture needle core are made of stainless steel,the retaining needle sleeve is made of FEP or polyurethane,the drainage hose is made of medical silicone hose,the connector is made of medical rubber,and the rest is made of medical plastic.Result:The new designed lumbar puncture needle can withdraw from the solid puncture needle after the successful puncture and only keep the retained needle in the body,which greatly reduces the risk of injury;even after the puncture fails,the puncture needle can be repeated many times without replacing the puncture needle,reducing the cost of the number of puncture needles;at the same time,it is more convenient for the collection of cerebrospinal fluid samples,pressure measurement or drug injection and other operations,It can also throttle cerebrospinal fluid and reduce the probability of puncture failure,bleeding injury,infection or brain hernia.Conclusion:The new design of lumbar puncture needle is not complicated in structure and convenient in operation.It can solve the common problems faced by the newborn in the clinical operation of lumbar puncture,and it has strong practicability.