纳米银-聚合物薄膜的制备及力电性能测试

Preparation of silver-polymer film and its mechanical and electrical properties characterization

聚合物基底上纳米银颗粒薄膜的制备工艺相对简单,成本较低,且该薄膜具有成为高敏感性压阻应力/应变传感材料的潜力。本文采用银镜制备法在聚酰亚胺(PI)和聚乙烯(PE)上合成了纳米银颗粒薄膜,系统研究了该薄膜制备工艺、结构特性、材料性能之间的关系。实验考察了材料“浸泡”时间及聚合物材料前处理等因素对材料表面吸附纳米颗粒含量的影响,研究了“浸泡”时间对纳米银颗粒粒径大小、颗粒含量及分布的影响,并探讨了不同聚合物基体的颗粒特性对薄膜二维导电渗滤,压阻特性及拉伸性能的影响。研究表明,增加“浸泡”时间能够增加纳米银颗粒粒径大小,提高银颗粒的含量及分布均匀性;在相同的制备条件下,PI基底较PE基底对纳米银颗粒具有更加优异的吸附效果;在PI和PE基底上的纳米银颗粒薄膜均表现出显著的压阻性能,且电阻对应变的敏感性随应变的增大及银颗粒含量的减少而显著提高。

The assembly of silver nanoparticle(AgNP) films on polymer matrix is relatively simple, and its cost is low. This film exhibits potentials to be a kind of piezoresistive stress/strain sensor material with high sensitivity. AgNP films on polymide(PI) or polyethylene(PE) has been synthesized using silver mirror methods. The relationship between the preparation process, structural characteristics, and material properties of the film was systematically studied, which provides important guidance for the optimum fabrication technique, and further development and applications of the film. The influence of factors such as material "soaking" time and polymer material pretreatment on the content of adsorbed nanoparticles on the material surface was studied. The relation between soaking time and the size, density, and distribution of AgNPs was established. The effects of particle characteristics of different polymer matrix on the two-dimensional electrical percolation, piezoelectricity, and tensile properties of the films were also investigated. The results show that an increase in the soaking time leads to larger size, higher surface mass density, and uniform distribution of AgNPs. Under the identical experimental conditions, PI matrix has more excellent absorption capacity than PE matrix for silver nanoparticles. AgNP films on PI and PE substrates possess excellent piezoresistive properties. The sensitivity of electrical resistance to strain increases with increasing strain and decreasing surface mass density of AgNPs.