基于日照影响下冷热负荷计算的公共建筑“最佳朝向”反思

Reflections on the Optimal Building Orientation Based on the Analysis of Cooling-Heating Loads Affected by Solar Parameters

针对"公共建筑节能设计标准"中"建筑应选择本地区最佳朝向"的相关定性规定与建筑师约定俗成的南北向布局做法,选取哈尔滨、北京、上海、广州4个太阳轨迹与辐射量不同的城市,使用DeST软件模拟方法,对同一典型办公建筑模型进行12个角度朝向旋转,模拟计算全年累计冷负荷与全年累计热负荷数据,以定量分析不同地域气候下建筑朝向变化对建筑冷热负荷的影响程度。

Aiming at the qualitative regulations on "buildings should ng choose the best orientation in the region" in Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings of China, as well as the wide practice of north-south layout practices among architects, this paper selects four cities with different solar tracks and radiation levels, i.e. Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for comparison. Using the simulation software of DeST, it simulates and calculates the annual cooling load and the annual heating load data by rotating the same typical office building model at 12 angles, so as to quantitatively analyze the effect of orientational change on the building cooling and heating load in different climatic regions.