母婴分离对动物神经发育的影响及护理研究进展

Research advances in the influence of maternal separation on neurodevelopment in animals and nursing intervention

了解母婴分离(maternal separation,MS)对神经发育的影响,寻找适宜的MS患儿护理方法,为促进袋鼠式护理(kangaroo mother care,KMC)广泛应用提供理论依据。查阅文献,就MS对动物神经发育及行为的影响以及护理干预新进展进行综述。MS可导致子代动物产生焦虑抑郁样行为、成瘾行为、顺从行为等,同时还可导致大脑海马区星形胶质细胞凋亡,组织成分发生变化,使MS大鼠成年后学习及记忆能力降低,并产生相应的神经系统疾病。但是MS对大脑中枢神经系统方面的危害还需要更深入的研究,并对其发生机制进行进一步的探讨。KMC被认为可阻断MS的不良影响,在神经发育方面有短期、长期的积极影响,但是仍需要更多方式进行直观研究。因此MS对新生儿的长远影响应该得到更多关注,为母婴提供KMC措施,以减少MS对患儿的危害,促进神经发育。

To investigate the impact of maternal separation(MS)on neurodevelopment,to figure out suitable nursing methods for children with MS,and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the wide application of Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC).Literature was reviewed to summarize the research advances in the impact of MS on animal neurodevelopment and behavior and nursing intervention.MS causes anxiety-depression-like,addictive,and obedience behavior in offspring.Moreover,it leads to apoptosis of astrocytes and changes in tissue composition in the hippocampus of rat brain,which results in weaker learning and memory abilities as well as the corresponding nervous system diseases during adulthood of MS rats.However,further studies are needed for the harmful effects of MS on the central nervous system and their mechanisms.KMC is considered to be able to block the adverse effects of MS and provide short-term and long-term benefits to neurodevelopment.However,more types of intuitive research are still needed.More attention should be paid to the long-term effects of MS on newborns.KMC should be provided for mothers and infants to reduce the harmful effects of MS and promote neurodevelopment in children.