铜基电触头材料的研究现状与发展趋势

Research and Development of Copper - Based Electric Contact Materials

电触头是断路器、继电器、接触器、隔离开关等开关元件中负责接通、分断电路的部件,电触头材料需要有良好的导电导热性、耐机械磨损性、抗电弧腐蚀性、抗熔焊性等综合性能。目前广泛使用的电触头的材料主要有Ag基材料、Cu基材料,Cu基材料因其成本优势,是未来的发展趋势。主要从Cu-W系、Cu-Cr系、其他铜基触头三个方面对Cu基触头材料的研究现状和发展趋势进行了讨论,主要论述内容包括材料的基本性能、制备方法、改性技术等。

The electrical contact is the component responsible for closing and breaking circuits in circuit breakers,relays,contactors,isolation switches and other switching elements.The material of the electric contact needs to have good comprehensive properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity,abrasive resistance,arc erosion resistance,and anti-welding behaviours.At present,the materials of electric contact widely used mainly include Ag based materials and Cu based materials.Cu based materials are the future development trend due to their cost advantages.The research status and development trend of Cu-W,Cu-Cr and other Cu-based contact materials are discussed in this paper.The main contents include the basic properties,preparation methods and modification technology of the materials.