“民法乃万法之母”衡论

Disscuss on“Civil Law Is the Mother of All Laws”

在我国学术界,"民法乃万法之母"一直是一个备受争议的学术命题,肯定与否定的观点各执一词,迄今难以达成共识。从目前的争论来看,肯定该命题的学者主要从部门法的演变、法律制度的演变、法律理念的演变上证成"民法乃万法之母"。而否定该命题的学者则主要从法律的历史演进、法律的现实表现以及法律的功能上证伪"民法乃万法之母"。通过理性分析发现,有关"民法乃万法之母"的学术之争实质上是该命题张力的体现。事实上,"民法乃万法之母"这一命题不乏合理之处,但仅限于私法分化上的理解。在法律体系中,宪法仍是处于最高地位,民法的制定仍需以宪法作为依据。宪法所具有的权利保障和权力限制功能,使其更像是一位父亲,就此意义而言,在民法等部门法面前,宪法更宜被称作"万法之父"。

In Chinese academia,"civil law is the mother of all laws"has been a controversial academic proposition,and there is no consensus between affirmative and negative views.Judging from the current controversy,the scholars who affirm this proposition have mainly proved from the evolution of departmental law,the evolution of legal systems,and the evolution of legal concepts.The scholars who negative this proposition mainly proved from the historical evolution of law,the actual performance of law,and the function of law.Through rational analysis,it is found that the academic dispute that"civil law is the mother of all laws"is essentially a manifestation of the tension of this proposition.In fact,the proposition that"civil law is the mother of all laws"in private law is reasonable.In the legal system,the constitution is still at the highest position,and the formulation of civil law still needs to be based on the constitution.The right protective function and the power limited function make constitution like a father.In this sense,before the civil law and other departmental laws,the constitution can be called"the father of all laws."