中国恩德文化的调适

The Adjustment of Chinese Gratefulness Culture

中国文化的核心是恩德,具有有限理性的性质。恩德文化以施恩、报恩作为基本的伦理准则,建构了传统的社会关系。恩德文化具有历史的合理性,也存在着缺陷和内在矛盾,为此,恩德文化进行了自我调适。这些文化调适包括针对恩德的实践性,设定道(理)为恩德的绝对性根据;针对恩德的情理一体性,建立了以理节情的原则;针对施报双方的矛盾,提出了中庸、忠恕的原则;针对恩德的恩惠与恩义的矛盾,提出了重义轻利的原则;针对恩德的差等性,建立了仁爱的理想性的维度。恩德文化的调适一定程度上克服了有限理性的不足,但未能根本上解决恩德文化的固有缺陷。要在根本上解决这个缺陷,只能进行现代转化。

The core of Chinese culture refers to gratefulness with the character of limited reason.Gratefulness culture constructs traditional social relationship with showing and requiting favors as its basic ethical principle.For gratefulness culture bearing historical rationality as well as flaw and inner contradiction,gratefulness culture has commenced self-adjustment.These cultural adjustments include the following aspects:setting principle as resolute accordance of gratefulness with a view to its practicality;establishing the principle of controlling emotion via reason for the integration of emotion and reason;raising the principle of golden mean and loyalty and forbearance in view of the contradiction between two parties in the relationship;proposing the principle of valuing justice and minimizing material profits in consideration of the contradiction between gratefulness and kindness in gratefulness;and constructing the latitude of ideality of benevolence for the differentiation of gratefulness.To a certain extent,adjustment of gratefulness culture has overcome the deficiency of limited reason,but cannot eliminate the inherent flaws in it.To tackle the flaws completely,modern transformation is the only solution.