天津市6~18岁青少年近视患病率调查及其影响因素Logistic回归分析

Prevalence Rate of Myopia Among Adolescents Aged 6~18 Years Old in Tianjin and Logistic Regression Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

目的:调查分析天津市6~18岁青少年近视患病率及其影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样方法抽取天津市6~18岁在校学生2230例作为研究对象。对所有研究对象均进行视力以及屈光度等指标的检测,同时通过调查问卷采集其基本资料。将所有研究对象按照是否近视分成近视组以及非近视组,以多因素Logistic回归分析明确天津市6~18岁青少年近视的影响因素。此外,比较两组青少年的血清微量元素水平。结果:2230例青少年近视患病率为41.12%,且6~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁、16~18岁青少年的近视患病率呈逐渐升高趋势,组间对比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。近视组年龄、近距离用眼时间、使用电子设备时间以及父母一方或双方近视人数占比均高于非近视组,而户外活动时间短于非近视组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析可得:天津市6~18岁青少年近视的危险因素包括年龄、父母一方或双方近视、近距离用眼时间、使用电子设备时间,保护因素为户外活动时间(均P<0.05)。近视组血清Zn2+、Fe2+水平低于非近视组,而Cu2+水平高于非近视组(均P<0.05)。结论:天津市6~18岁青少年近视患病率较高,其影响因素包括年龄、父母一方或双方近视、近距离用眼时间、使用电子设备时间以及户外活动时间,且近视青少年存在微量元素缺乏的情况,值得临床重点关注。

Objective: To investigate and analyze the prevalence rate of myopia among adolescents aged 6~18 years old in its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 2230 Students in school aged 6~18 years old in Tianjin were selected by cluster sampling method.Visual acuity, diopter and other indicators were measured for all subjects, and basic dataes were collected through questionnaires. All the subjects were divided into myopia group and non-myopia group according to whether they were nearsighted or not, and Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of myopia among adolescents aged 6~18 years old in Tianjin. In addition, serum trace elements levels were compared between the two groups. Results: The prevalence rate of myopia in 2230 adolescents was 41.12%, and the prevalence rate of myopia in 6 ~ 9 years old, 10 ~ 12 years old, 13 ~ 15 years old and 16 ~ 18 years old showed a gradually increasing trend, with statistically significant differences between groups(all P<0.05). The age, close eye use time,using electronic equipment time and the proportion of nearsightedness by one or both parents in the myopia group were higher than those in the non myopia group, while the outdoor activity time was shorter than that in the non myopia group(all P<0.05). According to the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors of myopia among adolescents aged 6~18 years old in Tianjin included age, nearsightedness by one or both parents, close eye use time, using electronic equipment time, and the protective factors were outdoor activity time(all P <0.05). The levels of serum Zn2+and Fe2+in the myopia group were lower than those in the non-myopia group, while the levels of Cu2+was higher than that in the non-myopia group(all P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of myopia among adolescents aged 6~18 years old in Tianjin is relatively high, and the influencing factors include age, nearsightedness by one or both parents, close eye use time, using electronic equipment time and outdoor activity time. Moreover, there is a lack of trace elements in adolescents with myopia, which is worthy of clinical attention.