2011~2019年吉林省餐饮食品中3种食源性致病菌监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of 3 foodborne pathogens in catering foods in Jilin province from 2011 to 2019

目的了解吉林省餐饮食品中食源性致病菌污染情况。方法对2011~2019年吉林省9个监测地区采集的7451件餐饮食品中3种食源性致病菌进行分离与鉴定。结果 2011~2019年吉林省餐饮食品中3种致病菌的总检出率分别为蜡样芽孢杆菌24.45%、金黄色葡萄球菌2.72%、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌3.00%;9个监测地区中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染较严重的重点地区为白山市(35.76%),其次为延边州(33.33%)。单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率最高的是白山市(6.90%),其次是松原市(3.68%)。白城市金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高5.36%,其次为白山市(3.63%);蜡样芽孢杆菌在百货商场中检出率最高,金黄色葡萄球菌在零食加工店检出率较高(6.25%),其次为饮品店(6.14%)和快餐店(5.66%);在监测的9类餐饮食品中,蜡样芽孢杆菌总检出率最高(24.45%),以沙拉和粥类为主,金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌分别在沙拉(9.72%)和中式凉拌菜(6.13%)中的检出率最高。结论吉林省近年来蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌检出率对比往年间明显降低,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率略有回升现象,其中白山市和白城市食源性致病菌污染情况较吉林省其他地市严重,餐饮服务环节中食源性致病菌检出率高,尤其是沙拉和凉菜等未经深加工的食物。相关部门应针对重点地区和食品类型,加强管控力度。

Objective To understand the contamination of foodborne pathogens in catering food in Jilin province. Methods Three kinds of foodborne pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from 7451 pieces of catering food collected from 9 monitoring areas in Jilin province from 2011 to 2019. Results From 2011 to 2019,the total detection rate of the 3 pathogens was Bacillus cereus 24.45%;Staphylococcus aureus 2.72 %;Listeria monocytogenes 3.00%;the key areas with more serious contamination by Bacillus cereus among the 9 monitored areas were Baishan city(35.76%),followed by Yanbian prefecture(33.33%). The highest detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes was in Baishan city(6.90%),followed by Songyuan city(3.68%). The highest detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in Baicheng city was 5.36%,followed by Baishan city(3.63%);the detection rate of Bacillus cereus was the highest in department stores,and the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in snack processing shops was higher(6.25%),followed by beverage stores(6.14%) and fast food restaurants(5.66%);the total detection rate of Bacillus cereus in the 9 food and beverage products was the highest(24.45%),mainly salads and porridges,Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes had the highest detection rate in salads(9.72%) and Chinese cold dishes(6.13%),respectively. Conclusion In recent years,the detection rates of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in Jilin province have been significantly lower than in previous years,and the detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes has rebounded slightly. The pollution of foodborne pathogens in Baishan city and Baicheng city is more serious than other cities in Jilin province,and the detection rate of foodborne pathogens in the catering service is high,especially the unprocessed foods such as salads and cold dishes. Relevant departments should strengthen the control and control of key regions and food types.