2019年湖北省武汉市儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染临床特征及流行病学分析

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children in Wuhan, Hubei, 2019

目的分析2019年湖北省武汉市呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)引起儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)的流行病学特征,总结其临床特点。方法收集2019年因ARTI在武汉儿童医院治疗的患儿鼻咽拭子标本。采用直接免疫荧光法检测样本中的RSV,根据临床资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2019年武汉市ARTI患儿中RSV阳性率为8.41%,不同年龄段患儿检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且RSV的检出率随患儿年龄增加而逐渐降低。男性患儿中的检出率高于女性患儿(P<0.05)。RSV在1-2、12月检出率最高,在5-7月检出率最低。患儿临床表现主要为咳嗽、发热、喘息。部分患儿可出现其他并发症,如肝功能异常、癫痫、心律失常、中耳炎等。RSV与其他呼吸道病毒的混合感染率为2.81%,主要为副流感病毒3型及腺病毒。结论 RSV是武汉市儿童ARTI的常见病原,流行时间为12月至次年2月,患儿年龄越小越容易被感染。RSV易与副流感病毒3型及腺病毒发生混合感染。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and clinical characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) in children in Wuhan, Hubei province, in 2019. Methods The nasopharyngeal swabs of children admitted to Wuhan Children’s Hospital due to acute respiratory infection in 2019 were collected. RSV positive children were detected by direct immunofluorescence method. Their clinical and epidemiological data were analyzed. Results In 2019, the positive rate of RSV in children with acute respiratory infection in Wuhan was 8.41%.There was a significant difference among children in different age groups, and the detection rate of RSV decreased gradually with age. The detection rate in boys was higher than that in girls(P<0.05). The highest detection rate of RSV was during January, February, December, and the lowest was during May-July. The main clinical manifestations were cough, fever and wheezing. Some children had other complications, such as abnormal liver function, epilepsy, arrhythmia, otitis media and so on. The incidence rate of co-infection of RSV and other respiratory viruses was 2.81%, mainly parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus. Conclusion RSV is a common pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection in children in Wuhan. The infection mainly occurs during December-February. Younger children are more likely to be infected. The co-infection of RSV with parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus is prone to occur.