青铜壶祭祀类自名简论

Research on Sacrificial Names of Bronze Hu(壶)

青铜器的自名即器物在铭文中的自称,可以分析为修饰语和器名两部分。青铜器自名,尤其是自名修饰语,反映了有关器物功用、质地、形制等方面的关键信息。青铜壶是商周时期用于宗庙祭祀的重要礼器。其铭文中的自名“尊壶”“宗壶”“禋壶”“祠壶”和“旅壶”,反映了青铜壶的主要功用是在于祭祀。修饰语“尊”常与表示祭祀相关的青铜器共名“彝”组合,而“宗”则与“宗庙”“宗法制”相关。“禋壶”即“禋祀”之壶。“祠”作为修饰语,修饰共名“器”,义同“祭”和“祀”,泛指祭祀。青铜壶自名为“旅壶”,且铭文中有明确的祭祀对象,可知此器为祭祀祖先所作。

The name of the bronze vessel is the self-claim of the vessel in the inscription,which can be analyzed as modifier and vessel name.The names of bronzes,especially modifiers,reflect the key information of the function,texture and shape of the objects.Bronze Hu(壶)was an important sacrificial vessel used in ancestral temple during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.The names“Zun Hu(尊壶)”,“Zong Hu(宗壶)”,“Yin Hu(禋壶)”“Ci Hu(祠壶)”and“Lv Hu(旅壶)”reflect the function of Bronze Hu(壶).The modifier“Zun(尊)”is often associated with the bronze vessel name“Yi(彝)”.“Zong(宗)”is related to ancestral temple and patriarchal clan system.“Yin Hu(禋壶)”is for“Yin Si(禋祀)”.Modifier“Ci(祠)”modifies the common name“Qi(器)”,righteousness with fate,generally refers to sacrifice.The name“Lv Hu(旅壶)”clearly show that it was made to sacrifice ancestors.