基于MaxEnt模型的四川片口自然保护区绿尾虹雉栖息地评价

Assessment of Chinese Monal Habitat in Sichuan Piankou Nature Reserve with MaxEnt Model

绿尾虹雉(Lophophorus lhuysii)是我国特有的珍稀濒危高山雉类物种,国家I级重点保护野生动物,具有极高的保护价值。四川片口自然保护区位于岷山山系中段,接近绿尾虹雉地理分布的东部边界,但该区域的绿尾虹雉栖息地目前尚缺乏研究。本研究使用MaxEnt模型方法,根据野外调查获得的物种出现点,对片口保护区及周边的绿尾虹雉栖息地进行了预测和分析。结果显示:(1)海拔、年降水量、温度季节性、植被类型和年均增强型植被指数是影响绿尾虹雉栖息地适宜性的重要因子;(2)研究区域内的绿尾虹雉偏好选择海拔较高,年降水量较大,温度季节性变化中等偏高,而年均增强型植被指数偏低的草甸和灌丛栖息地;(3)保护区内绿尾虹雉栖息地总面积仅8.08 km2,占保护区总面积的9.15%,其中最适宜和次适宜栖息地面积分别为1.15 km2和6.93 km2。总体而言,片口自然保护区及周边的绿尾虹雉栖息地面积有限,但斑块间具有较好的连通性。从山系尺度看,该区域种群可能是绿尾虹雉地理分布区域的一个边缘种群,可能更易受到威胁,应当受到更多的保护关注。

Chinese monal(Lophophorus lhuysii)is an endangered alpine galliformes species endemic to China,and has been listed as an first class protected wildlife species in China.Sichuan Piankou Nature Reserve locates in the middle section of Minshan Mountains,Sichuan Province,and approaches the east edge of geographic distribution range of Chinese monal.However,the habitat status for Chinese monal in this region has not been studied.Therefore,Chinese monal habitat in Sichuan Piankou Nature Reserve was studied in this paper by using MaxEnt model,based on the occurrence records collected in our field surveys.The result suggests that:(1)altitude,annual precipitation,temperature seasonality,vegetation and annual enhanced vegetation index(EVI)are the most important factors influencing the habitat suitability;(2)Chinese monal prefers to meadow and shrub habitats with higher altitude,higher annual precipitation,moderate temperature seasonality and lower annual EVI;(3)the total area of Chinese monal habitat in Sichuan Piankou Nature Reserve is 8.08 km2,accounting for 9.15%area of the nature reserve,and the most suitable habitat and the less suitable habitat are 1.15 km2 and 6.93 km2,respectively.Though the area of habitat is fairly limited in the nature reserve,its connectivity is relatively good.This population is probably a marginal one at the east of the distribution range of the species,and is likely facing much severer threats.It is strongly suggested to pay more attention to conserve this endangered species and its habitats.