水环境容量与目标削减量测算方法研究——以重庆市梁滩河为例

Estimation Method of Water Environment Capacity and Target Reduction Amount:A Case Study of Liangtan River Basin in Chongqing

开展流域水环境综合整治需要先对水环境容量与目标削减量进行测算,才能制定更有针对性的整治实施方案。本文以重庆市梁滩河流域水环境综合整治为例,从存在的水污染环境问题出发,对工业污染、城镇生活污水和垃圾污染、底泥污染、水土流失污染、农村面源污染以及梁滩河流域污染进行了污染负荷预测。根据梁滩河属于次级河流的特点,综合考虑流域水文特征、水系特征、水体水质目标、排污状况等因素,设定水环境容量测算的边界条件,采用实测法确定流域污染物综合降解系数,并用一维计算模式进行环境容量测算。按照流域综合整治削减量分配原则,对主要污染物削减量进行分配,并与水环境功能区负荷预测量相比较,得出在实施阶段的目标削减量。本文根据水环境污染现状,通过水环境容量与目标削减量测算,对照水环境综合整治目标,制定可行的实施步骤,并配以保障措施,对提升水环境综合整治的效果和效率,具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。

The water environment capacity and discharge reduction amount should be estimated firstly in order to make a more targeted implementation plan for comprehensive treatment of water environment.This study analyzed the water pollution problem in Liangtan River basin in Chongqing.Firstly,pollution load forecasting was carried out for water pollution from industrial pollution,municipal sewage and garbage pollution,sediment pollution,soil erosion pollution,rural non-point pollution,and the beach pollution in the river basin.Secondly,considering that Liangtan River is a secondary tributary,the boundary condition for water environmental capacity calculation was decided based on the factors such as hydrological characteristics,water features,water quality objectives,the sewage situation,etc.Thirdly,integrated pollutant degradation factor was decided by the measure method and the environmental capacity was calculated by single dimensional calculation mode.Finally,according to the distribution principle of pollution reduction,the reduction amount of main pollutants was allocated and compared with the regional load forecast amount,and the target reductions during the implementation phase was obtained.The result provides some references for improving the management capability and efficiency of water environment comprehensive treatment.